Which of the following is NOT an example of non-testimonial evidence?

Non-testimonial evidence refers to physical evidence or procedures that do not involve a witness's verbal account or testimony regarding an event. It typically includes actions or samples that can be analyzed without relying on personal statements.

In this context, the correct choice highlights that Miranda warnings are related to the rights of a suspect and involve verbal communication from law enforcement to inform the suspect of their rights before questioning. This process inherently relies on statements made by officers and the suspect, which aligns with testimonial evidence.

On the other hand, field sobriety tests, handwriting samples, and voice samples are forms of non-testimonial evidence. Field sobriety tests involve physical actions that demonstrate a subject's coordination, handwriting samples are physical artifacts that can be analyzed to establish identity or intent, and voice samples provide acoustic data that can be matched or recognized without the need for verbal testimony. Each of these examples can provide critical, objective information in investigations based on analysis rather than verbal accounts.